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Hence, we also gathered snapshots of 5 underground marketplaces and 6 forums collected by the anonymous marketplace archives programs and previous research projects [20]. We aimed to profile the opioid supply chain in anonymous markets and forums via a large-scale, longitudinal measurement study on anonymous market listings and posts. Toward this, we propose a series of techniques to collect data; identify opioid jargon terms used in the anonymous marketplaces and forums; and profile the opioid commodities, suppliers, and transactions. We trained the semantic comparison model using the traces of Reddit as the benign corpora and the traces of the anonymous marketplaces/forums as the underground corpora. Thus, we identified 58 opioid jargon used in the anonymous marketplaces and forums (Table 2). Combining opioid jargon with known opioid product names [25-27], we generated an opioid keyword data set consisting of 311 opioid keywords with 13 categories.
Underground Opioid Trading
After completing the captcha, select ‘I need a new mirror’ to obtain a working link. Administered by seasoned experts, pen-tested by top security specialists,with industry-leading protections like END GAME DDoS filter. Funds are automatically transferred to our secure escrow system, protectingboth buyer and vendor interests. Select products, specify quantities, and provide encrypted shippinginformation using our secure order form.
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Our goal here was to identify anonymous forum posts with the topics of opioid commodity promotion (eg, listing promotion) and review (eg, report fake opioid vendors). We then analyzed these forum posts to profile underground opioid trading behaviors. To collect the listing information of 5 anonymous online marketplaces (ie, Apollon, Avaris, Darkbay, Empire, and The Versus Project), we conducted a whole-site crawl. The crawler was implemented in Python and used the Selenium module to launch browsers and to send crawling requests [24]. To avoid blocking from the marketplace, we provided as an input to the scraper a session cookie that we obtained by manually logging into the marketplace and solving a Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA). However, some sites, namely, the Empire Market, forced users to log out when the life span of the session cookie was expired.
Demystifying the Dark Web Opioid Trade: Content Analysis on Anonymous Market Listings and Forum Posts
By identifying emerging trends, mapping growth opportunities, and evaluating competitive landscapes, we empower clients to navigate complex market dynamics with confidence. Established through the merger of G42 Healthcare and Mubadala Health, M42 is fast-becoming a major player in global healthcare. The company already employs more than 20,000 people, and operates over 480 facilities across 26 countries, integrating genomics, biobanks, digital health data and AI technologies to deliver predictive, personalized healthcare. Its assets include Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi and Moorfields Eye Hospital Abu Dhabi, as well as initiatives like the Emirati Genome Program and Abu Dhabi BioBank. A steering committee made up of senior executives from both organizations will oversee the execution of the new development hub. The partnership aims to discover and develop new therapeutics, while also forging collaborations with academic and research institutions in the UAE and internationally, supporting Abu Dhabi’s broader ambitions in the life sciences sector.
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We found evidence through extensive analyses of the anonymous online market of pervasive supply, which fuels the international opioid epidemic. Nontraditional methods, as presented here by studying the online supply chain, present a novel approach for governmental and other large-scale solutions. When interpreted by professionals, our initial results demonstrate useful findings and may be used downstream by law enforcement and public policy makers for impactful structural interventions to the opioid crisis. Although a large body of current research is focused on pathways for treatment of opioid use disorder and analyzing deaths per treatment capacity of substance use providers, these research areas are limited to the demand side of the opioid epidemic [40,41]. We believe that the findings and pattern analyses presented here, which place concentration on the supply side, might suggest a new direction to focus and will serve as a useful complement to current research conducted within the domain of addiction medicine.
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- Funds are automatically transferred to our secure escrow system, protectingboth buyer and vendor interests.
- The hubs will not provide a safe supply of illicit drugs, supervised consumption services or needle exchange programs.
- Drughub Market employs state-of-the-art security measures to protect yourprivacy and transactions.
- Nontraditional methods, as presented here by studying the online supply chain, present a novel approach for governmental and other large-scale solutions.
- This section elaborates on the methodology used to identify opioid trading information in the anonymous market and forums.
- Addressing this challenge requires deep domain knowledge and expertise, which is constantly evolving.
- Considering social media data (eg, Twitter and Instagram), Nasralah et al [14] proposed a text mining framework to collect opioid data from social media and analyzed the most discussed topics to profile the opioid epidemic and crisis.
This finding is roughly in line with the observation of 57 opioid vendors’ origin in a marketplace named Cryptomarket during the period of October 2015 through April 2016, which was reported by Duxbury et al [6]. In addition, we did not observe big changes in the top opioid commodity origins from 2014 to 2020. Particularly, as shown in Table 8, the United States and the United Kingdom are always in the top 5 advertised origins among years. Co-occurrence of the same opioid suppliers across different anonymous marketplaces. We compared our method with the state-of-the-art topic modeling method Machine Learning for Language Toolkit (MALLET) [30] and our model without transfer learning stage (baseline).
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Among them, suboxone and subutex medicines are most frequently mentioned by 2917 times in listings and traces in 10 platforms, followed by roxy series (ie, roxy, roxi, roxies, and roxys) with 2022 times and Lean with 1256 times. Both K9 and M30 were mostly found in Darkbay, within 384 listings in the year 2020, whereas Lean appeared 141 times in Empire listings. As a pioneer in organoid technology, HUB offers transformative solutions to the pharmaceutical industry for more effective, faster, and ethical drug development. HUB develops disruptive PDOs that accurately replicate human drug responses compared to animal models and cell lines, greatly increasing the value and impact of drug development programs. Our team of seasoned analysts and researchers combines advanced methodologies, reliable data sources, and cutting-edge tools to produce detailed market reports, customized consulting solutions, and strategic recommendations.
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- The company also pledged $1 billion by 2030 to further expand its US manufacturing and R&D capabilities.
- The government’s focus on expanding cancer treatment centers and facilitating access to modern therapeutics are fostering market development.
- The first challenge is solving a captcha (sliding a circle into position, similar to Incognito Market’s captcha).
- At Market Research Intellect, our mission is to bridge the gap between data and decision-making.
- Revolutionizes pre-clinical and clinical drug development through its cutting-edge organoid technology, enhancing its accuracy and efficiency.
- Hence, we also gathered snapshots of 5 underground marketplaces and 6 forums collected by the anonymous marketplace archives programs and previous research projects [20].
Experienced vendors with 250+ successful sales on other established darknetmarketplaces can apply for instant approval on Drughub Market. Our verification process for the Drughub darknet includes thorough reputationchecks, transaction history reviews, and advanced security assessments. Join theDrughub dark web marketplace today tostart selling securely via our verified Drughub market onion links and official Drughub mirrors.
Reporting countries
To better understand the potential bundling relationship of opioid suppliers across different marketplaces, we calculated the Jaccard similarity coefficient between the suppliers in different marketplaces (Figure 6). We found that 182 opioid supplier IDs appeared in both the marketplaces Evolution and Agora from January 2014 to July 2015. In particular, we observed that 84 opioid supplier IDs synchronized similar product listings in both marketplaces at the same time. This might be because the suppliers tend to promote their products across various marketplaces and to increase sales.
The Drug Hub editorial team is made up of people who use(d) drugs, students, researchers, and healthcare professionals who work with marginalized and criminalized communities. Adding to the intrigue was DrugHub’s decision to use Base64 encoding for storing and displaying multimedia. While this approach can offer certain advantages, such as reducing the need for external storage, it comes at the cost of increased file sizes—a 33% overhead, to be precise. This inefficiency was not just a technical curiosity but a potential red flag about the team’s understanding of optimal infrastructure design. In the highly competitive and precarious world of darknet marketplaces, such decisions can be the difference between thriving and imploding. The geographic landscape of the Pancreatic And Bile Duct Cancer Drug Market reveals distinct growth trajectories across major regions, shaped by variations in industrial maturity, technology adoption, and investment intensity.
- The Ministry of Health works to help people stay healthy, delivering high-quality care when they need it and protecting the health system for future generations.
- We found that 182 opioid supplier IDs appeared in both the marketplaces Evolution and Agora from January 2014 to July 2015.
- Adding to the intrigue was DrugHub’s decision to use Base64 encoding for storing and displaying multimedia.
- Everything’s bigger in Texas, the saying goes, and that’s true of Eli Lilly’s plans to build a new $6.5 billion manufacturing facility in Houston, marking one of the state’s biggest life sciences investments.
- Duxbury et al [6] evaluated the role of trust in online drug markets by applying exponential random graph modelling to underground marketplace transactions.
- If true, this would not only spell disaster for the platform’s users but also serve as a stark reminder of the stakes involved in operating within this clandestine realm.
- Each year, Frost & Sullivan presents this award to the company that has developed a product with innovative features and functionality that is gaining rapid acceptance in the market.
We then developed a suite of opioid domain–specific text mining techniques (eg, opioid jargon detection and opioid trading information retrieval) to recognize information relevant to opioid trading activities (eg, commodities, price, shipping information, and suppliers). Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive, large-scale, longitudinal study to demystify opioid trading activities in anonymous markets and forums. Our study identified 41,000 opioid trade–related marketplace listings and forum posts by analyzing more than 1 million listings and posts in multiple anonymous marketplaces and forums, which is the largest underground opioid trading data set ever reported.
“Go Cry on dread about it” — DrugHub’s Administration
International collaborations and investments in healthcare technology are fostering innovation and market development. The focus remains on enhancing treatment accessibility and integrating advanced therapies, positioning Bangladesh as an emerging market for pancreatic and bile duct cancer management in South Asia. The opioid buyer (client) will also access the anonymous online market and create an account in each anonymous marketplace before they can find the listings of opioids (step 4). After perusing the items available on the anonymous online market (step 5), the buyer will add opioids to their shopping cart (step 6). When the buyer wants to check out and make a purchase using cryptocurrency (eg, Bitcoin), if the trader accepts payment through an anonymous online marketplace as an escrow, the buyer will place the listed amount of cryptocurrency in escrow (step 7). Otherwise, the buyer will pay the trader directly using cryptocurrency or any other payment method accepted by the trader (step 9) [7].
- Market Research Intellect (MRI) is a trusted provider of comprehensive market intelligence, delivering actionable insights that enable businesses to make informed, strategic decisions.
- For a platform operating in a space where privacy is paramount, every detail matters.
- We are a pan-Canadian collective of harm reductionists, drug policy activists, and people who use(d) drugs.
- It also recently announced plans to build a second multibillion-dollar facility in Wilson.
- The seized drugs include over 569 pounds of amphetamines, 95 pounds of cocaine, 95 pounds of MDMA and over 22 pounds of LSD and ecstasy pills, the agency said.
- However, some sites, namely, the Empire Market, forced users to log out when the life span of the session cookie was expired.
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Data
We then identified 311 opioid keywords and jargons to recognize 28,106 listings and 13,508 forum traces related to underground opioid trading activities. Finally, we used natural language processing techniques to extract opioid trading information to characterize underground opioid commodities, suppliers, and transactions. Our research collected product listings and forum posts from 10 anonymous online market places and 6 forums. Our study determined the underground marketplace and forum list based on darknet site search engines and previous research works [20]. More specifically, we used darknet site search engines (such as Recon, Darknet live, Dark Eye, dark.fail, and DNStats [21,22]) to search underground marketplaces and forums and then manually validated their activeness. Note that some high-profile underground marketplaces and forums are frequently deactivated or have been shut down by law enforcement authorities [23].
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The opioid trader will also use an anonymous online forum (eg, The Hub Forum) to post promotional information to attract potential customers (step 3). The Pakistani market for pancreatic and bile duct cancer drugs is poised for growth, driven by rising cancer prevalence and improving healthcare infrastructure. Increasing awareness campaigns and government support for cancer management initiatives are key contributors.
The results show that vendors’ trustworthiness is a better predictor of vendor selection than product diversity or affordability. Considering social media data (eg, Twitter and Instagram), Nasralah et al [14] proposed a text mining framework to collect opioid data from social media and analyzed the most discussed topics to profile the opioid epidemic and crisis. Mackey et al [13] collected tweets related to the opioid topic to identify illicit online pharmacies and study the illegal sale of opioids in online marketing. Cherian et al [12] gathered codeine misuse data from Instagram posts to understand how misuse is happening and its misused form. However, to the best of our knowledge, no large-scale study, which may cross multiple anonymous marketplaces and is cross-sectional, has been conducted to profile the opioid supply chain and unveil characteristics of opioid suppliers, commodities, and transactions. To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive overview of the opioid supply chain in the anonymous online marketplaces and forums, as well as a measurement study of trading activities, is still an open research challenge.
DrugHub Market is the #1 darknetmarketplace launched in August 2023 by the legendary team behind WhiteHouse Market. Now over 3 years strong, DrugHub boasts 100,000+ listings, over 500,000users, and more than 4,000 verifiedvendors. We are the premier platform for secure, private, Monero(XMR)-only transactions, with industry-leading security and uptime.
In total, we collected 248,359 listings from 10 anonymous online marketplaces and 1,138,961 traces (ie, threads of posts) from 6 underground forums. As observed in our data set, the top 3 marketplaces with the most opioid listings are Agora, Evolution, and Apollon. This section elaborates on the methodology used to identify opioid trading information in the anonymous market and forums. Specifically, we collected approximately 248,359 unique listings and 1,138,961 unique forum traces (ie, threads of posts) from 10 anonymous online marketplaces and 6 forums.
is the regularization term, which is the L1-norm.
We manually validated all keywords and the corresponding categories to guarantee their correctness. We first conducted a whole-site crawl of anonymous online marketplaces and forums to solicit data. Our study used opioid keywords and jargons to recognize listings and forum traces related to underground opioid trading activities.
They usually come with anonymous forums for sellers and buyers to share information, promote their products, leave feedback, and share experiences about purchases. To understand how it works, we describe an opioid transaction’s operational steps on the anonymous online marketplaces and forums. We present a view about how such services operate and how different entities interact with each other (Figure 1). The market for pancreatic and bile duct cancer drugs in Bangladesh is set to expand, driven by increasing disease prevalence and ongoing healthcare reforms. Efforts to improve diagnostic infrastructure and expand access to modern therapeutics are key growth factors. The rising burden of risk factors such as smoking and poor diet contributes to higher cancer incidence rates.
- We observed the same listings posted in different marketplaces and illustrate the dependency of the same opioid listings among different marketplaces.
- Our study used opioid keywords and jargons to recognize listings and forum traces related to underground opioid trading activities.
- Yet, these oversights suggest a departure from the meticulous operational security (OPSEC) practices that once defined successful darknet marketplaces.
- The Drug Hub editorial team is made up of people who use(d) drugs, students, researchers, and healthcare professionals who work with marginalized and criminalized communities.
- The results provide insight into opioid trading in the anonymous markets and forums and may prove an effective mitigation data point for illuminating the opioid supply chain.
- Otherwise, the buyer will pay the trader directly using cryptocurrency or any other payment method accepted by the trader (step 9) [7].
That same report concluded the health ministry did not provide a thorough, evidence-based business case for the hub model and did not provide proper impact analysis or do proper consultations with all affected people. With its business-friendly environment and Texas Medical Center’s biomanufacturing project, TMC BioPort, the state proved an attractive investment location for other companies in 2025, too. Novartis plans to build two new radioligand therapy manufacturing facilities in Florida and Texas, and in October, the U.K.’s AstraZeneca opened an expanded manufacturing facility in Coppell to double the production of its high blood potassium treatment, Lokelma.
It’s part of a bigger $1.2 billion investment in advanced manufacturing facilities, AI and advanced digital technologies that will also include new capabilities. With Philadelphia a long-established pharma hotspot and Pittsburgh an emerging one, Pennsylvania’s life sciences sector employs 100,000 workers across nearly 3,100 companies that have secured more than 10,700 new life sciences patents over the past five years. Everything’s bigger in Texas, the saying goes, and that’s true of Eli Lilly’s plans to build a new $6.5 billion manufacturing facility in Houston, marking one of the state’s biggest life sciences investments.
Digital transformation increases efficiency, data-driven decision-making, and adoption of advanced solutions. Regulations influence product standards, sustainability compliance, and market entry strategies. Challenges include supply chain disruptions, cost volatility, and regulatory compliance pressures. Key trends include automation, digital integration, smart systems, and innovation-led product development. Besides these books, Kuzmarov has published hundreds of articles and contributed to numerous edited volumes, including one in the prestigious Oxford History of Counterinsurgency .
We will post updates regarding extended downtime, security incidents, or migration notices. It is a priority for CBC to create products that are accessible to all in Canada including people with visual, hearing, motor and cognitive challenges. Jones has repeatedly rejected the suggestion that drug users could die as a result of a shift toward an abstinence-based treatment model. The Ontario government said Thursday nine existing supervised drug consumption sites throughout the province have been approved to transition into new “homelessness and addiction recovery hubs.” The life sciences industry continues to pour manufacturing investments into the state. GSK announced plans in September to build an additional new biologics flex factory at Upper Merion focused on medicines for respiratory disease and cancer, with construction planned to start this year.
We partner with organizations of all sizes—from startups to Fortune 500 companies—to help them optimize strategies, strengthen competitiveness, and drive sustainable growth. Our commitment to quality research and client success has established us as a trusted name in global market intelligence. The Pancreatic And Bile Duct Cancer Drug Market refers to the global industry involved in the development, production, and deployment of Pancreatic And Bile Duct Cancer Drug solutions across various end-use sectors. He hung around with a rough crowd of Special Forces operatives in Fayetteville who drank heavily, took copious amounts of drugs and told graphic war stories in each others’ company while boasting about the numbers of people they had killed. The layout, coded from scratch, is different from White House Market but remains intuitive for experienced darknet users. Experience the future of secure, anonymous trading with Drughub Market’scutting-edge platform and trusted community.
Our opioid jargon identification procedure implemented a modified semantic comparison model [19]. This model employed a neural network–based embedding technique to analyze the semantics of words in different corpora. In particular, in the semantic comparison model, the size of the input layer was doubled while not expanding either the hidden or the output layer. Hence, every word has 2 vectors, each describing the word’s relations with other words in one corpus.
Drug Hub operates a private Jabber server for push notifications and optional vendor communication.
Like any marketplace, branding is key, even in the shadowy corners of the internet. But this logo, created using Adobe Illustrator version 24.0—a software outdated as of 2019—became the first crack in DrugHub’s armor. Embedded within the logo’s drug hub market metadata was a treasure trove of information for anyone skilled in Open Source Intelligence (OSINT). The use of outdated software was not just a cosmetic flaw; it signaled a broader negligence in keeping up with technological advancements.
